In the terminology of Political Science, a State is regarded usually as a Country. However, there might be many nations within these States which themselves are aspiring to become a Sovereign, independent Political States. Some of them which are controversial and aspiring to become are:
- Transnistria: Transnistria, is a breakaway state but is internationally recognized as part of Moldova. Transnistria is an unrecognized but de facto independent semi-presidential republic with its own government, parliament, military, police, postal system, currency and vehicle registration. Its authorities have adopted a constitution, flag, national anthem and coat of arms. Transnistria has been recognized only by three other mostly unrecognized breakaway states: Abkhazia, Artsakh, and South Ossetia.
- Kurdistan: Kurdistan is a roughly defined geo-cultural territory in Western Asia wherein the Kurdish people form a prominent majority population and the Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity have historically been based. Geographically, Kurdistan roughly encompasses the northwestern Zagros and the eastern Taurus Mountain ranges. Kurdistan generally comprises the following four areas: southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northern Iraq (Southern Kurdistan), northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan), and northern Syria (Western Kurdistan).Certain Kurdish nationalist organizations seek to create an independent nation state consisting of some or all of these areas with a Kurdish majority, while others campaign for greater autonomy within the existing national boundaries. Presently, Iraqi Kurdistan first gained autonomous status in a 1970 agreement with the Iraqi government, and its status was re-confirmed as the autonomous Kurdistan Region within the federal Iraqi republic in 2005. There is also a Kurdistan Province in Iran, but it is not self-ruled.
- Biafra: Officially the Republic of Biafra, was a secessionist state in West Africa that existed from May 1967 to January 1970 during the Nigerian Civil War. Its terri- tory consisted of the Eastern Region of Nigeria. After the Nigerian Civil War be- tween 1967-70 both were reunited. However, the aspirations for a Sovereign State are still alive among the Igbo people here.
- Catalonia: a region within Spain. The capital and largest city, Barcelona is the second-most populated municipality in Spain and the fifth-most populous urban area in the European Union. The official languages are Catalan, Spanish, and the Aranese dialect of Occitan