PSIR 4 IAS

India and Bhutan ink Memorandum of Understanding for developing cooperation between two countries in area of environment -     India and Bhutan have inked a Memorandum of Understanding for developing cooperation between two countries in the area of environment. The MoU was signed virtually by Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Prakash Javadekar from the Indian side and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Chairperson of the National Environment Commission Lyonpo Dr. Tandi Dorji from the Bhutanese side. Speaking on the occasion, Mr Javadekar said, the MoU will open new vistas of bilateral co-operation in the area of climate change and waste management. Describing the relationship between the two countries as symbolic, he said, India wants to engage with Bhutan on environmental related issues  including climate change. The MoU is a platform to further enhance Indian and Bhutanese partnership and support, exchange best practices in areas like prevention of Air Pollution, Waste

 IIAP 3 Centers of Excellence (COEs) i) Centres of Excellence for Mango in Kolar, ii) Pomegranate in Bagalkot and iii) Vegetables in Dharwad established in Karnataka under Indo-Israel Agricul tural Project (IIAP). MIDH Division of Ministry of Agriculture & Farmer's Welfare, Government of India and MASHAV -  Israel's Agency for  International Development Coop- eration -  are leading Israel's largest G2G cooperation, with 29 operational Centres of Excellence (COEs) across India in 12 States,  implementing advanced Israeli Agro-Technology tailored to local conditions. These Centers will help farming community of Karnataka to get access to the latest innovative Israeli technologies and adopting them to increase produc- tion and productivity which will help in increasing the farmers income.  These COEs have the capacity of 50,000 grafts production and 25 lakh vegetables seed- lings production annually. About 20,000 farmers have visited these COEs to gain knowledge about the

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In the terminology of Political Science, a State is regarded usually as a Country. However, there might be many nations within these States which themselves are aspiring to become a Sovereign, independent Political States. Some of them which are controversial and aspiring to become are:  Transnistria : Transnistria, is a breakaway state but is internationally recognized as part of Moldova. Transnistria is an unrecognized but de facto independent semi-presidential republic with its own government, parliament, military, police, postal system, currency and vehicle registration. Its authorities have adopted a constitution, flag, national anthem and coat of arms. Transnistria has been recognized only by three other mostly unrecognized breakaway states: Abkhazia, Artsakh, and South Ossetia.  Kurdistan : Kurdistan is a roughly defined geo-cultural territory in Western Asia wherein the Kurdish people form a prominent majority population and the Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity

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  Abraham Accord Abraham Accord = UAE and Israel signed a US-brokered agreement aiming to establish formal relations between the two countries UAE and Israel would establish formal diplomatic relations and in exchange, Israel would suspend its plans to annex parts of the occupied West Bank.  With this, UAE will become the 1st Gulf country to establish diplomatic and economic relations with Israel and 3rd Arab nation to recognise Israel after Egypt (in 1979) and Jordan (1994) Gulf countries are the 7-Arab states bordering the Persian Gulf = Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and UAE.  For decades, there has been a consensus among many Arab and Muslim-majority states that they will not end a state of hostility with Israel until it agrees to a deal granting statehood to the Palestinians. About Arab-Israel Conflict Hussein-McMahon (1915) correspondence contained British support of an independent Arab state for Arab assistance in opposing the Ottoman Empire. In

India-Vietnam 17th meeting of bilateral Joint Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific and Technological Cooperation Economic and defence engagement: To explore closer cooperation in civil nuclear energy, space, marine sciences and new technologies.India had earlier announced a LoC of US$500 million for procurement of defence equipment from India. Vietnam is negotiating with India for both BrahMos and Akash missiles.  Cooperation at Multilateral and Regional forums including at the UNSC where both are elected to be non-permanent members in 2021, based on their strong convergence of views on many global and regional issues.  Both agreed to step up cooperation and coordination at important regional forums under the ASEAN framework.  Vietnam has supported India's bid to become a permanent member of the UNSC and APEC. Both agreed to enhance their bilateral cooperation in line with India's Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI) and the ASEAN's Outlook on Indo-Pacific

India-Maldives India announced a slew of new connectivity measures for the Maldives to help the island nation deal with the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic  It include:  An “air bubble agreement ” for travel, a direct ferry service and a submarine cable for telecom connectivity . US $500 million assistance for the Greater Male Connectivity project (GMCP) to connect Male to three neighbouring islands - Villingili, Thilafushi and Gulhifahu islands. GMCP would be the largest civilian infrastructure project in Maldives.  US $400 million LoC comes in addition to a previous LoC of $800 million that was announced in 2018. Strategic Importance of Maldives : Maldives lies in close proximity to the west coast of India and have the potential to allow a 3rd nation’s naval presence in the area Maldives is situated at the hub of commercial sea-lanes running through the Indian Ocean. More than 97% of India’s international trade by volume and 75% by value passes through the re

  Japan’s Supply Chain Resilience Initiative (SCRI) With COVID-19 and trade tensions between China and the United States threatening supply chains or actually causing bottlenecks, Japan has mooted the Supply Chain Resilience Initiative (SCRI) as a trilateral approach to trade, with India and Australia as the other two partners. The initiative is at the strategy stage and has some way to go before participants can realise trade benefits. What does supply chain resilience mean? In the context of international trade, supply chain resilience is an approach that helps a country to ensure that it has diversified its supply risk across a clutch of supplying nations instead of being dependent on just one or a few. Unanticipated events — whether natural, such as volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, earthquakes or even a pandemic; or manmade, such as an armed conflict in a region — that disrupt supplies from a particular country or even intentional halts to trade, could adversely impact economic activi

  Qn 16. Comment on the decline of political parties and examine whether new social movements shall be an alternate strategy for establishing link between government and society. (2016/II/Q.1b/10m) Political parties are organisations seeking government office. New social movements are group phenomenon articulating specific post-materialist interests. In the modern age, changing roles of political parties and social movements can be linked. A political party  is an organised group with similar political aims and opinions, that seeks to influence public policy, by getting its candidates elected to public office. Decline of political parties  principally stems from the evidence of their decline as agents of representation and as effective links between the government and the people. Reasons  can be— Parties are viewed as political professionals, pursuing power, high office and corruption, and not ‘of the people’ real or perceived oligarchical character (being viewed as bureaucratised poli